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| 1204 |
| | | The Byzantine empire continues, in much reduced form, with a new capital at Nicaea | |
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| 1204 |
| | | A Latin empire is set up in Constantinople on the same basis as the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem | |
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| c. 1205 |
| | | Many of the treasures adorning the church of San Marco in Venice are loot taken from Constantinople during the fourth crusade | |
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| 1295 |
| | | The new Mameluke dynasty in Egypt begins a systematic campaign to drive the Crusaders out of the Middle East | |
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| c. 1285 |
| | | Osman inherits the leadership of the tribal group later known by a version of his name, as the Ottoman Turks | |
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| 1291 |
| | | In the space of a few months the Muslims take the last four crusader castles, Tyre, Sidon, Acre and finally Beirut | |
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| 1303 |
| | | The Knights Templars withdraw from the island of Arwad, the last foothold of the crusaders in the Middle East | |
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| 1354 |
| | | Gallipoli is taken by the Ottoman Turks, giving them their first foothold in Europe | |
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| 1389 |
| | | Victory at Kosovo gives the Ottoman Turks control over Serbia, which becomes a vassal state | |
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| 1393 |
| | | The Ottoman sultan Bayazid I brings the Slav kingdom of Bulgaria under his control | |
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